a$.$ What specific type of DNA damage does clsplatin Induce?

Figure $2$: Immunoblot for different pro$-$apoptotic genes and the loading control actin. Bax$/$Bak wildtype $(+/+)$ and Bax$/$Back knockout $(-/-)$ cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin for $20$h prior to immunoblot analysis.

Bax and Bak are two mammallan protelns that are able to plerce the mitochondrial outer membrane to mediate cell death by apoptosis. Following activation of Bax and Bak, apoptosls proteln caspase $3$ is cleaved, a clear slgn that cells are undergoing apoptosis.

b$.$ What do you observe happens in Bax$/$Bak $+/+$ versus Bax$/$Bak $-/-$ cells?

c$.$ Which cells are more likely to undergo apoptosis and why?