A zoology professor wanted the participants in one of his labs to experience the process of theory building. He divided the students into groups of two or three. He then instructed each group of students to sit near a different entrance of several different campus buildings. He told each group of students to record how many students carried backpacks and how many students carried their books without backpacks. The groups completed their tasks, returned to the lab, and shared their data. Which step in the process of theory building did the students use?

a. Prediction

b. Observation

c. Explanation development

d. Pattern recognition

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