According to the data-modeling checklist, _____ is a process used to ensure an entity-relationship model minimizes data redundancy to ensure single-place updates.

1. reporting
2. naming
3. normalization
4. documentation

An unnormalized data structure includes entities that can have relations with many instances of another entity type, for instance, employees that can be assigned to multiple projects. How does this affect adding, updating, and deleting data?

1. Performance would be improved.
2. Multiple rows need to be updated.
3. There would be no impact on data updates.
4. Data management would be streamlined.

When database designers must account for dependents when an EMPLOYEE table already exists, what other entity would the ERD require so that the database reflects the operational needs and processes for its employees?

1. Additional entity for DEP_NUM
2. Additional entity for DEPENDENTs
3. Additional attribute for DEP_DOB
4. Additional attribute for DEP_FNAME

In some cases where an association is maintained within a single entity, a database designer should depict with a line on itself. If a manager is able to manage other employees, how would the EMPLOYEE table's relationship degree be described as?

1. unary
2. ternary
3. higher-order
4. binary