1. A PV module comes from 36 (4 parallel 8 serial) cells. Under 1kW / m2 solar radiation, short circuit current Isc = 2 A and 27 0 C cell reverse saturation current Io = 8.10-11 A. In the equivalent circuit of the cell, parallel resistance is given as Rp = 7Ω and series resistance as Rs = 0.005Ω. Calculation for the case that the voltage of the cell to be produced by the PV cell is Vd = 0.6 V.
   k = 1.381 .10-23 J / K and q = 1.602.10 -19 C
2. You have a PV system that is connected to the grid and generates 4000 kWh / year energy per year. The radiation of the area where the PV array is located was measured as 5.5 kWh / m2 / day.
a. Calculate the nominal power that the modules with 0.72 reduction factor will give under standard test conditions.
b. If the efficiency of the modules is 18%, find out what is needed in the PV collector under standard test conditions.
c. If the cost per direct current watt power under the standard test condition is 28 TL / kWdc and a loan is purchased with 5% with a 30-year maturity for this investment, what is the cost per kWh of electricity in the first year, when all expenses are neglected including tax?