Active Learning vs Passive Learning: Comparing Outcomes Active learning in a classroom implies that students are actively involved and working during class time while passive learning indicates that students are primarily taking notes while the instructor lectures. Exercise 1.15 introduces a study that measures students actual learning under these two formats as well as their feelings of learning. In the study, students in a college physics course were randomly assigned to a class period with either active learning or passive learning. a. After the class the students took a test to measure their understanding of the material. State null and alternative hypotheses if we wish to test to see if mean test scores are higher for active learners than for passive learners (supporting past research on active learning). b. For the test in part (a), the data from the study provides evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. What does that mean in terms of active learning vs passive learning? c. After the class the students also rated the extent to which they agreed with the statement "I feel like I learned a great deal from this class." Since students often feel that they learn more from a lecture than from their own active engagement, state null and alternative hypotheses if we wish to test to see if mean ratings on feelings of learning are lower for active learners than for passive learners. d. For the test in part (c), the data from the study provides evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. What does that mean in terms of active learning vs passive learning? e. Which type of classroom environment (active or passive) appears to be best for actual learning? Which appears to make students (incorrectly) think they learned more