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9 Introduction The term "reducing sugar" is used to indicate that a sugar has an available aldehyde or ketone group. The origin of the term "reducing sugar" is from the idea that a sugar which has an available aldehyde or ketone group can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid and in the process reducing another species, such as Cut to Cut. The reducing sugars include (if paragraph 2 is wrapped weirdly, make your browser fullscreen): (1) All aldoses (whether in the straight chain or cyclic form) (2) a-hydroxyketoses. An a-hydroxyketose contains CH2OH the group shown to the right. I a- (alpha) denotes the carbon next C = 0 to the carbon containing carbonyl group. Fructose is an example of an a-hydroxyketose: CH,OH O HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH CH,OH Straight chain form of fructose Glucose is not an a-hydroxyketose (but it is a reducing sugar due to it being an aldohexose): .H H OH HO- -H H-OH H-OH CH,OH