After decades of rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrialization, developing countries are now home to many...

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After decades of rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrialization, developing countries are now home to many of the world's most severe air, water, and solid waste problems. Most are taking action to address these problems, relying principally on conventional.command-and-control (CAC) approaches, such as mandatory emissions and technology standards. Although some countries have made enormous-progress, the overall track record is mixed at best. The reasons are well known (Russell and Vaughan 2003; Eskeland and Jimenez 1992). Written regulations are often riddled with gaps and inconsistencies. Environmental regulatory agencies lack funding, expertise, and personnel. Public pollution control facilities like wastewater treatment plants have yet to be built: difficult-to-monitor small and informal firms, abound. And perhaps most important, the political will to allocate scarce resources to environmental protection and to enforce environmental regulations is often limited. * The repeated failure of high-profile efforts during the 1980s and 1990s to control emissions from leather tanneries in the Mexican city of Leon, Guanajuato, a notorious environment hotspot, illustrates the problem (Blackman and Sisto 2006). The requisites for effective CAC regulation were missing throughout this period. Clear laws governing tannery wastes were not promulgated until 1998, and a state-level environmental regulatory agency was not established until the mid-1990s. Facilities to treat inorganic liquid wastes, and hazardous solid wastes have yet to be constructed, and public support for tannery pollution control continues to be negligible. Required: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (1) (B.. Identify at least two research issues/questions from the passage provided. (Justify [6 marks] your answer). Given the research questions identified in part (a), what are the resulting research [6 marks] objectives? (at least one objective per research question) If you were to carry out the research in any part of this country, where would that be? Why? [4 marks] Who would be the main study respondent/source of data? Why [4 marks] Assuming that you would require to use a sample, which sampling design would [4 marks] you adopt? Why? Which would be the appropriate method of data collection? Why? [4 marks] Would you classify the research as basic research or applied research? Why? [2 marks] After decades of rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrialization, developing countries are now home to many of the world's most severe air, water, and solid waste problems. Most are taking action to address these problems, relying principally on conventional.command-and-control (CAC) approaches, such as mandatory emissions and technology standards. Although some countries have made enormous-progress, the overall track record is mixed at best. The reasons are well known (Russell and Vaughan 2003; Eskeland and Jimenez 1992). Written regulations are often riddled with gaps and inconsistencies. Environmental regulatory agencies lack funding, expertise, and personnel. Public pollution control facilities like wastewater treatment plants have yet to be built: difficult-to-monitor small and informal firms, abound. And perhaps most important, the political will to allocate scarce resources to environmental protection and to enforce environmental regulations is often limited. * The repeated failure of high-profile efforts during the 1980s and 1990s to control emissions from leather tanneries in the Mexican city of Leon, Guanajuato, a notorious environment hotspot, illustrates the problem (Blackman and Sisto 2006). The requisites for effective CAC regulation were missing throughout this period. Clear laws governing tannery wastes were not promulgated until 1998, and a state-level environmental regulatory agency was not established until the mid-1990s. Facilities to treat inorganic liquid wastes, and hazardous solid wastes have yet to be constructed, and public support for tannery pollution control continues to be negligible. Required: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (1) (B.. Identify at least two research issues/questions from the passage provided. (Justify [6 marks] your answer). Given the research questions identified in part (a), what are the resulting research [6 marks] objectives? (at least one objective per research question) If you were to carry out the research in any part of this country, where would that be? Why? [4 marks] Who would be the main study respondent/source of data? Why [4 marks] Assuming that you would require to use a sample, which sampling design would [4 marks] you adopt? Why? Which would be the appropriate method of data collection? Why? [4 marks] Would you classify the research as basic research or applied research? Why? [2 marks]