After reading this passage, answer three questions. First, does the passage state a correlation, and if so$,$ where? Second, does the passage state, or imply, a claim about causation, and if so$,$ where? Third, comment on the adequacy of that evidence, with a view to sample size and the issue of correlation and cause:

Background: The following report describes an experiment conducted among University of Colorado undergraduates. Participants received simulated monthly checks and were to declare income and pay tax. On the basis of random audits, it was determined whether they had evaded taxes, and penalties for evasion were imposed.

Everyone was told $($correctly$)$ that his own tax rate was $70$ percent. One third of the group was told $($falsely$)$ that others paid less taxes than they did; one$-$third was told that others paid more taxes than they did; and the last one$-$third was told the truth, that its own rates were the same as everyone else$$s$.$ Overall the group evaded about one dollar

in four of tax. But those who felt they were paying lower rates than everyone else evaded only $12$ percent of their tax, while those who felt they were paying more than everyone else evaded nearly one$-$third of their tax. In the laboratory, and perhaps in life, compliance walks hand in hand with the perception of fairness and equity. Destroy the latter, and whether there are penalties or not, compliance plunges.