Agency Case StudyQuestion $1$Suppose Arthur is Pauls agent, employed through October $31.$ On November $1,$ Arthur buys materials at Lumber Yardas he has been doing since early springand charges them to Pauls account. Lumber Yard, not knowing that Arthurs employment terminated the day before, bills Paul.a$)$ Determine the applicable concept$/$principle of agency law.b$)$ Based on the applicable principles of agency law discuss whether Paul have to pay, the liability of Paul and or the agent? Question $2$Jonathan was a used$-$car enthusiast. He entered into an agency agreement with Andrea. She owned a used car lot. The agency agreement limited Jonathan's authority to purchase used vehicles for less than $$25000$ and to ship them by flatbed to Andrea's lot. When passing through Toronto one Saturday morning, Jonathan stopped at an auto auction and saw a $1985$ Jaguar that he wanted to bid on for Andrea. He was successful and purchased the vehicle for $$24000.$ However, he had no flatbed trailer and as such decided to drive the vehicle to Andrea's lot in London. He immediately arranged for automobile insurance on her behalf but without her authority. Near Kitchener he was involved in an automobile accident which resulted in the Jaguar being a total write$-$off. No one was injured. He contacted Andrea and informed her of the situation. She immediately contacted the insurance company to ratify the insurance contract.a$)$ Identify the applicable agency law principle$/$concept that applies.b$)$ Based on the principle identified, discuss the validity of Andreas action Question $3$Gregory recruited friends and acquaintances to purchase the iPhones for Walter, in part because Apple limited purchases to $2$ iPhones per person per day, and Walter needed a large number of iPhones in a short period of time to take advantage of the release date gap.Gregory promised to reimburse the purchasers for the iPhones and pay them a commission. He instructed purchasers to keep their receipts to confirm the serial number$/$IMEI and advised them when to start and stop buying iPhones. Gregory met the purchasers regularly to collect the iPhones and receipts, paying the purchasers primarily via bank draft at an HSBC or TD Bank location. Gregory kept meticulous reports of the transactions and the identities of the purchasers Walter paid for the iPhones. Walter filed its GST$/$HST returns claiming ITCs for the amount of GST$/$HST paid on the iPhones. The Canada Revenue Agency denied Walter the ITCs on the assumption that the iPhones had been purchased and then resold to Walter, and not purchased on behalf of Walter by the purchasers acting as agents.a$)$ Identify the agency law concept or principle engaged in the question.b$)$ Based on the applicable agency concept$/$principle discuss with specific examples from the facts of the case whether the assumption of the Canada Revenue Agency is correct or not