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5. The effect of financial leverage on ROE Companies that use debt in their capital structure are said to be using financial leverage. Using leverage can increase shareholder returns, but leverage also increases the risk that shareholders bear. Consider the following case: Red Snail Satellite Company is considering a project that will require $700,000 in assets. The project will be financed with 100% equity. The company faces a tax rate of 40%. Assuming that the project generates an expected EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) of $150,000, then Red Snail's anticipated ROE (return on equity) for the project will be: 12.86% O 8.36% O 10.93% O 10.29% In contrast, assume that the project's EBIT is only $45,000. When calculating the tax effects, assume that the entire Red Snail Satellite Company will earn a large, positive income this year. The resulting ROE will be Now consider the case of the Black Sheep Broadcasting Company: Black Sheep Broadcasting Company is considering implementing a project that is identical to that being evaluated by Red Snail-although Black Sheep wants to finance the $700,000.00 in additional assets using 50% equity and 50% debt capital. The interest rate on Black Sheep's new debt is expected to be 13%, and the project is forecasted to generate an EBIT of $150,000. As a result, the project is expected to generate a ROE of Now assume that Black Sheep finances the same project with 50% debt and 50% equity capital, but expects it to generate an EBIT of only $45,000. Further assume that the company as a whole will generate large, positive income this year, such that any loss generated by the project (with its resulting tax saving) will be offset by the company's other (positive) income. Remember, the interest rate on Black Sheep's debt is 13%. Under these conditions, it is reasonable to expect that Black Sheep will generate a ROE of: 0 -0.13% 0 -0.11% 0 -0.1% 0 -0.12% Given the ROE-related findings above for both Red Snail and Black Sheep, answer the following question: . The use of financial leverage a firm's expected ROE, the probability of a large loss, and consequently the risk borne by the firm's stockholders. The greater a firm's chance of bankruptcy, the its optimal debt ratio will be. manager is more likely to use debt in an effort to boost profits. In contrast, assume that the project's EBIT is only $45,000. When calculating the tax effects, assume that the entire Red Snail Satellite Company will earn a large, positive income this year. The resulting ROE will be 4.29% Now consider the case of the Black Sheep Broadcasting Company 3.90% Black Sheep Broadcasting Company is considering implementing that is identical to that being evaluated by Red Snail-although Black Sheep 4.10% wants to finance the $700,000.00 in additional assets using 50% id 50% debt capital. The interest rate on Black Sheep's new debt is expected to be 13%, and the project is forecasted to generate ar 3.32% $150,000. As a result, the project is expected to generate a ROE of Now assume that Black Sheep finances the same project with 50% debt and 50% equity capital, but expects it to generate an EBIT of only $45,000. Further assume that the company as a whole will generate a large, positive income this year, such that any loss generated by the project (with its resulting tax saving) will be offset by the company's other (positive) income. Remember, the interest rate on Black Sheep's debt is 13%. Under these conditions, it is reasonable to expect that Black Sheep will generate a ROE of: Black Sheep Broadcasting Company is considering implementing a project that is identical to that being evaluated by Red Snail-although Black Sheep wants to finance the $700,000.00 in additional assets using 50% equity and 50% debt capital. The interest rate on Black Sheep's new debt is expected to be 13%, and the project is forecasted to generate an EBIT of $150,000. As a result, the project is expected to generate a ROE of 17.91% e that Black Sheep finances the same project with 50% debt and 50% equity capital, but expects it to generate an EBIT of only $45,000. 13.43% ume that the company as a whole will generate a large, positive income this year, such that any loss generated by the project (with its x saving) will be offset by the company's other (positive) income. Remember, the interest rate on Black Sheep's debt is 13%. Under these 17.01% it is reasonable to expect that Black Sheep will generate a ROE of: 20.60% 6.13% -0.11% -0.1% -0.12% Given the ROE-related findings above for both Red Snail and Black Sheep, answer the following question: Given the ROE-related findings above for both Red Snail and Black Sheep, answer the following question: The use of financial leverage a firm's expected ROE, the probability of a large loss, and consequently the risk bori n's stockholders. increases The greater a firm's chance o the its optimal debt ratio will be. manag decreases kely to use debt in an effort to boost profits. Given the ROE-related findings above for both Red Snail and Black Sheep, answer the following question: lower pected ROE, the probability of a large loss, and consequently The use of financial leverage higher the risk borne by the firm's st| rs. The greater a firm's chance of bankruptcy, the its optimal debt ratio will be. manager is more likely to use debt in an effort to boost profits. Given the ROE-related findings above for both Red Snail and Black Sheep, answer the following question: . a firm's expected ROE, al leverage A conservative the probability of a large loss, and consequently the risk borne by the firm's stockholders. An aggressive 's chance of bankruptcy, the its optimal debt ratio will be. manager is more likely to use debt in an effort to boost profits