Alyson is utilizing a heart rate assessment document which assigns heart rate ranges to specific categories such as $$Excellent$,$Good$,$Fair$,$ or $$Poor$.$ She then takes this document and applies it to a series of heart rate readings $($such as $55$ beats per minute$)$ from numerous patients. Finally, she assigns each of these patients under one of the heart rate ranges specified in her document. Based on this information, which type of data transformation is Alyson using?

$($a$)$

Recoding

$($b$)$

None of the answer choices

$($c$)$

Classification

$($d$)$

Transposing

$($e$)$

Categorization