AMD has recently announced integrating a graphics processing unit with their x$86$ cores into a single package $($though with different clocks for each of the cores$).$ This is an example of a heterogeneous multiprocessor system. One of the key design points is to allow for fast data communication between the CPU and the GPU. Before AMD$$s Fusion architecture, communications were needed between discrete CPU and GPU chips. Presently, the plan is to use multiple $($at least $16)$ PCI express channels to facilitate intercommunication.

This question will require the students to research on the Internet both the AMD Fusion architecture and the Intel QuickPath technology. The key is that students become aware of these technologies. The actual bandwidth and latency values should be available right off the company websites, and will change as the technology evolves.

$($a$)$

Compare the bandwidth and latency associated with these two interconnect technologies.