An important test of the Commerce Clause came in the Depression years of the 1930s, in Wickard

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An important test of the Commerce Clause came in the Depression years of the 1930s, in Wickard v. Filburn. The price of wheat and other grains had fluctuated wildly, severally harming farmers and the national food market. Congress sought to stabilize prices by limiting the bushels per acre that a farmer could grow. Filburn grew more wheat than federal law allowed and was fined. In defense, he claimed that Congress had no right to regulate him because none of his wheat went into interstate commerce. He sold some locally and used the rest on his own farm as food for livestock and as seed. The Commerce Clause, Filburn claimed, gave Congress no authority to limit what he could do. Did the Supreme Court agree or disagree with Filburn? Agree Disagree QUESTION 4 The Fourteenth Amendment provides that "No State shall....deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." This is the Equal Protection Clause, and it means that, generally speaking, governments must treat people equally. To determine which classifications are constitutionally permissible, we need to know what is being classified. There are three major groups of classifications. The outcome of a case can generally be predicted by knowing which group it is in. . Minimal Scrutiny: Economic and Social Regulations. Government actions that classify people or corporations on these bases are almost always upheld. Intermediate Scrutiny: Gender. Government classifications are sometimes upheld. . Strict Scrutiny: Race, Ethnicity, and Fundamental Rights. Classifications based on any of these are almost never upheld. A local city government was about to award a construction contract. Upon receiving 10 bids from contractors, it decides to give preferential treatment to non-white candidates because it had never awarded a construction contract to a non-white contractor before even though many qualified non-white contractors had submitted bids in the past. . Which equal protection test would the court use to review this decision? Strict Scrutiny Intermediate Scrutiny Rational Basis OA OB. OC . O D. Reasonable Basis.