(a) (b) V = ts B T nin int P P = = (i) Compare stimulated...

  

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(a) (b) V = ts B₁ T nin int P P₂ = = (i) Compare stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers and indicate the way in which they may be avoided in optical fiber communications. (8 marks) (ii) The threshold optical powers for stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering in a single mode fiber with a long 8μm core diameter are found to be 190mW and 1.70W respectively, when using an injection laser source with a bandwidth of 1GHz. Predict the operating wavelength of the laser and the attenuation in decibels per kilometer of the fiber at this wavelength. = = A TM engineer suggested a multimode, optimum, near-parabolic profile graded index fiber with a material dispersion parameter of 30 ps nm¹¹km-¹ to be integrated with a good LED source of rms spectral width 25nm. The fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.4 and a core axis refractive index of 1.48. (i) Estimate the total rms pulse broadening per kilometer within the fiber assuming waveguide dispersion to be negligible. (ii) 2π 2. (NA)² 2cn₁ 0.2 σ an, (24) ¹, SNR= 1 1+2/ r PFn² int 4n 4kTB R ;² 2 - (6 marks) Hence, predict the bandwidth-length product for the fiber if it is suitable to be used for long haul communication. shot 1 erfc 2 bits/sec, B = 9 Velocity of light in vacuum, c = 3.01 × 108 ms¹ Plank constant, h = 6.626 x 10-34 Js Boltzmann constant, k = 1.381 x 10-23 JK-¹ Absolute temperature, T = 17 °C or 290 K T = 8 1 = -(A²), i² 1² P 1,4² 8c T == tr L L T = ! ( ₁,₁-2dn ). + ₁ = ² (₁₁-2dn ), 0 = 04 (2²) Tm g m C dλ C dλ C -,0₁ = (0²2 +0²) * + +i th P √SNR 2√2 e ;2 amp " 1 == " , 0, =. S 9 2T Pint = nint P Constant Ln, A 2√3c 0 Formula 1 bits/sec, BW= BT (RZ), BW= BT (NRZ) 7/24 SNR= hvl e , 08 σ, = P₁ = erfe 2 p=₁, L = . hf " P 1 shot = 2eB(1+1)(4²) = nint 2 2n isho M 2+x L(NA)² 4√3n,c M²1² hcl Ip P 2√20 q, Δλ = +i+i P eλ 5 -, nep amp 22² 2nL = 3 P P 3 o² = 2q1 Af (5 marks) P = IV Af = (6 marks) с 2nL (a) (b) V = ts B₁ T nin int P P₂ = = (i) Compare stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers and indicate the way in which they may be avoided in optical fiber communications. (8 marks) (ii) The threshold optical powers for stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering in a single mode fiber with a long 8μm core diameter are found to be 190mW and 1.70W respectively, when using an injection laser source with a bandwidth of 1GHz. Predict the operating wavelength of the laser and the attenuation in decibels per kilometer of the fiber at this wavelength. = = A TM engineer suggested a multimode, optimum, near-parabolic profile graded index fiber with a material dispersion parameter of 30 ps nm¹¹km-¹ to be integrated with a good LED source of rms spectral width 25nm. The fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.4 and a core axis refractive index of 1.48. (i) Estimate the total rms pulse broadening per kilometer within the fiber assuming waveguide dispersion to be negligible. (ii) 2π 2. (NA)² 2cn₁ 0.2 σ an, (24) ¹, SNR= 1 1+2/ r PFn² int 4n 4kTB R ;² 2 - (6 marks) Hence, predict the bandwidth-length product for the fiber if it is suitable to be used for long haul communication. shot 1 erfc 2 bits/sec, B = 9 Velocity of light in vacuum, c = 3.01 × 108 ms¹ Plank constant, h = 6.626 x 10-34 Js Boltzmann constant, k = 1.381 x 10-23 JK-¹ Absolute temperature, T = 17 °C or 290 K T = 8 1 = -(A²), i² 1² P 1,4² 8c T == tr L L T = ! ( ₁,₁-2dn ). + ₁ = ² (₁₁-2dn ), 0 = 04 (2²) Tm g m C dλ C dλ C -,0₁ = (0²2 +0²) * + +i th P √SNR 2√2 e ;2 amp " 1 == " , 0, =. S 9 2T Pint = nint P Constant Ln, A 2√3c 0 Formula 1 bits/sec, BW= BT (RZ), BW= BT (NRZ) 7/24 SNR= hvl e , 08 σ, = P₁ = erfe 2 p=₁, L = . hf " P 1 shot = 2eB(1+1)(4²) = nint 2 2n isho M 2+x L(NA)² 4√3n,c M²1² hcl Ip P 2√20 q, Δλ = +i+i P eλ 5 -, nep amp 22² 2nL = 3 P P 3 o² = 2q1 Af (5 marks) P = IV Af = (6 marks) с 2nL

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Compare stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers and indicate the way in which they may be avoided in optical fiber communications The main difference between stimulated ... View the full answer