Analyze systems thinking in relation to high-reliability organizations. How are systems thinking principles applied in HROs? What is the connection of systems thinking to resilience?

Systems thinking has long been a source of guidance in crisis management. Systemic planning and anticipation are valuable; yet can be insufficient in unpredictable, highly interconnected, rapidly changing environments, like the modern world. To cope with this, we must understand resilience in relation to systems thinking. High-reliability organizations (HROs) have been the focus of study for resilience. For HROs, the ability to predict what may happen is less critical than to detect actual small problems and react thoughtfully to prevent them from spinning out of control.