Question: Andr Laurent ( 1 9 8 3 ) carried out investigations in several countries into the attitudes of managers towards their organisation. A series of
Andr Laurent carried out investigations in several countries into the attitudes of managers towards their organisation. A series of studies he made concerning national differences in concepts of management produced interesting results. Over a period of two years, questions were put to experienced international managers attending executive programmes at an international business school. The findings showed clear differences between countries with regard to the perception of organisations as political systems, authoritysystems, roleformalisation systems and hierarchical relationship systems. The study was replicated among much younger and less experienced MBA students and in two multi national companies, one being a USbased chemical firm with subsidiaries in France, Germany and Great Britain, and later in amended form to another multinational. The results from the replications were essen tially the same as those from the first survey among executive programme participants. Although it might have been expected for those working in multinationals to have undergone some kind of homogenising effect in terms of managerial concepts, the results showed a surprising stability. Moreover, the results fromthe first multinational surveyed showed respondents' concepts to be even more entrenched. Laurent's conclusion that the management process in the ten countries surveyed is as much culture bound as their cooking is echoed in the results of the GLOBE project's survey among company employees working in their own society. The national culture remains dominant within the organisation. As Laurentexplains, employees do not leave their national culture behind at the company entrance. One of the questions which Laurent used in his surveys is given below. Respondents were asked to reactto the following statement: It is important for a manager to have at hand precise answers to most of the questions that his subordinatesmay raise about their work.
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