Another thing that separates competitors from Tesla is its vertically integrated business model. This ranges from design, manufacturing, supply chain, and even customer sales through online storefronts. The model predates Tesla's Gigafactories, allowing for low$-$cost production and innovation. The Nevada Gigafactory, for instance, produces batteries at $$100$ per kWh$,$ significantly below industry averages $($BloombergNEF$,2021).$ Vertical integration allows Tesla to exercise greater control over its supply chain, lower costs, and maintain product quality.