Answer all plesse !!

18. Apply responsibility accounting to cost and profit centers. Understand the concept of "Controllable Margin" and how it is used to determine the performance of profit center, using ROI. Work through any examples in the e-text, as well as examples from practice questions. 19. Evaluate performance in investment centers using both ROI and residual income. Work through any examples in the e-text, as well as examples from practice questions. Chapter 24 - Standard Costs and Balanced Scorecard 20. Describe standard costs. Be able to compute standard cost for a unit of product, including the standard cost for each component of a product's cost, including direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Work through any examples in the e-text, as well as examples from practice questions. 21. Determine direct materials variances - including Materials Price Variance, Materials Quantity Variance, and Total Materials Variance. Work through any examples in the e-text, as well as examples from practice questions. 22. Determine direct labor and total manufacturing overhead variances - including Labor Price Variance, Labor Quantity Variance, and Total Labor Variance. Work through any examples in the e-text, as well as examples from practice questions. 23. Prepare variance reports and balanced scorecards. Understand how ta prepare an income statement that states Cost of Goods Sold (at standard), Gross Profit (at standard) and discloses the variances separately to arrive at the Gross Profit (actual). Understand how variance reports are created and used to facilitate "Management by Exception" by highlighting significant variances. Understand the premise of the balanced scorecard, and be familiar with the different balanced scorecard perspectives and how they are used in facilitating the balanced scorecard process