answer all questions as per given instructions.

Assuming you get a job as a network engineer in a multinational company that has five (5) regional station that must be interconnected with others for smooth operation of the organization. The company is about to network the regional offices together. Each physical link must allow communication in both directions. Use the knowledge acquired in this course to advice the management of the company based on the following: a) Recommend the most suitable Network topology for the organization. b) Give detail explanation of the recommended Topology. c) Illustrate the explanation in (b) with a diagram to show the interconnectivity of the five (5) regional offices. d) Explain four (4) major advantages of the topology named in (a) over other network topology

1. Enumerates five components of a data communications system. 2. Define key element of protocol. 3. Define two types of standards. 4. Describe the role of the following standards creation committee. 46 i. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ii. International Telecommunication Union iii. American National Standards Institute (ANSI). iv. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 1) What are the three criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network? 2) Categorize the four basic topologies in terms of line configuration. 3) Name the four basic network topologies, and cite an advantage of each type. 4) For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for a mesh, ring, bus, and star topology? 5) What are some of the factors that determine whether a communication system is a LAN or WAN?

Define data and Data Communication. 2. Compare analog and digital data 3. Why data communication 4. List and explain components of data communication system. 5. Highlights any 5 examples of resources that can be share on data communication and networks 6. Define and gives example of basic components of data communication network. 7. What are the major criteria that data communication network must meet. 23 8. Highlights the factors that affect response time as related to performance of data communication network. 9. List various ways of data representation in computer system. 10. Define Data communication equipment and data terminal equipment. Give at least two examples in each case.

What are the concerns of the physical layer in the Internet model? 2. What are the responsibilities of the data link layer in the Internet model? 3. What are the responsibilities of the network layer in the Internet model? 4. What are the responsibilities of the transport layer in the Internet model? 5. What is the difference between a port address, a logical address, and a physical address? 6. Name some services provided by the application layer in the Internet model. 7. How do the layers of the Internet model correlate to the layers of the OSI model? 8. How are OSI and ISO related to each other? 9. Match the following to one or more layers of the OSI model: a) Route determination b) Flow control c) Interface to transmission media d) Provides access for the end user 9. Match the following to one or more layers of the OSI model: a) Reliable process-to-process message delivery b) Route selection c) Defines frames d) Provides user services such as e-mail and file transfer e) Transmission of bit stream across physical medium 10. Match the following to one or more layers of the OSl model: a) Communicates directly with user's application program 55 b)Error correction and retransmission c) Mechanical, electrical, and functional interface d)Responsibility for carrying frames between adjacent nodes

Define communication software 2. What are general functions of communication Software 3. Give examples and function of the following communication Software. i. Broadcast software ii. Messaging software iii. Instant communication Software 4. TCP/IP Protocol is communication software. Yes or NO discuss your answer. 5. What are the elements of communication protocol 6. Compare TCP and IP, hence highlights and gives function of basic protocol for handling data communication 7. Describe the communication between one application and other via TCP/IP 63 8. What happen when a new domain name is registered together with TCP/IP address 9. Give the full meaning and function of the following protocols i. HTTP ii. SSL iii. MIME iv. BOOTP v. SMTP vi. LDAP

1. Describe with diagram the data transmission type. 2. Compare a 10K Byte data transmission using Asynchronous transmission & Synchronous Transmission. Determine the efficiency (10 Kbytes = 80 kbits) 3. Compare synchronous and asynchronous transmission 4. What is data flow? Hence describe three major types of data flow in data communication network. 5. Describe briefly with diagram and relevant example, three major data flow approaches. 6. If an Ethernet frame has overhead of 64bytes including start and stop frames, and the data size is 2500 bytes. Determine the Ethernet frame efficiency.

1. Explain briefly the following: i. Attenuation ii. Propagation delay 88 iii. Crosstalk iv. Echo 3. Compare Guided and Unguided transmission with relevant examples 4. Compare coaxial and twisted pair cable transmission based on the following: a. Attenuation b. Propagation delay c. Crosstalk d. Echo 5. Describe with diagram the following transmission mode in optical fiber a) Grade index b) Step index c) Single mode 7. What are the reasons why Telecommunication Companies are investing in Optical fiber transmission? 8. Describe with diagram: a) Ground wave propagation b)Ionospheric c) Line of sight 9. Highlights 4 major types of microwave transmission.

2. Describe briefly any 5 network security threats you know 3. What are the precautions to reduce the risk of being stung by a denial of service in computer Network? 4. Describe briefly the term cryptograph 5. Describe briefly firewall and it 3 major types 6. What are the major security requirement in network environment 7. What are the basic rules use to generate public and private keys in RSA algorithm 8. For RSA algorithm we have p = 5, q=11, n = 55 and (p-q) (q-1) = 40. Find the public and private key, resulting ciphertext and verify the decryption. 9. Describe with diagram the use of hybrid cryptograph algorithm that combines secret, public, and harsh function for Mr. A to send information to B. 10. Compare the strength of secret, public, and harsh function cryptograph algorithm.

Define the relationship between period and frequency? 2. Explain how a composite signal can be decomposed into its individual frequencies? 3. Given the frequencies listed below, calculate the corresponding periods. a. 24Hz b. 8 MHz c. 140 KHz 116 4. Given the following periods, calculate the corresponding frequencies. a. 5 s b. 14 micro seconds c. 220 nano second 5. What is the phase shift for the for the following? a. A sine wave with the maximum amplitude at time zero b. A sine wave with maximum amplitude after 1/4 cycle c. A sine wave with zero amplitude after 3/4 cycle and increasing 6. What is the bandwidth of a signal that can be decomposed into five sine waves with frequencies at 0, 25, 60, 120, and 240 Hz? All peak amplitudes are the same. Hence draw the bandwidth.

Highlights three techniques of digital-to-digital conversion. 2. Define the characteristics of a self-synchronizing signal. 3. Compare and contrast five line coding schemes discussed in this book. 4. Define block coding and give its purpose. 5. Define scrambling and give its purpose. 6. Give natural explanation on why we do not have DC component in bipolar encoding.

1. Define analog transmission. 2. Define carrier signal and its role in analog transmission. 3. Describe digital-to-analog conversion. 4. Which characteristics of an analog signal are changed to represent the digital signal in each of the following digital-to-analog conversion? a. ASK b. FSK c. PSK d. QAM 5. Which of the four digital-to-analog conversion techniques (ASK, FSK, PSK or QAM) is the most susceptible to noise? Juxtapose your answer. 6. Define constellation diagram and its role in analog transmission. 7. What are the two components of a signal when the signal is represented on a constellation diagram? Which component is shown on the horizontal axis? Which is shown on the vertical axis?

1. Explain briefly the term multiplexing 2. With the aid of diagram describe briefly; i. Wavelength Division multiplexing (WDM) ii. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) iii. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) 3. Suppose that a frequency band W Hz wide into M channels of equal bandwidth. a) What bit rate is achievable in each channel? Assume all channels have the same SNR. b) What bit rate is available to each M user if the entire frequency band is used as a single channel and TDM is applied? c) How does the comparison of (a) and (b) change if we suppose that FDM require a guard band between adjacent channels? Assume the guard band is 10%of channel bandwidth 4. Suppose Ray Power FM 100.5, has a large band of available bandwidth, say 1GHz, which is to be used by central office to transmit and receive from large number of users. Describe how the following approach can be use to organizing the system: a) A single TDM 145 b) A hybrid TDM/FDM system in which the frequency band is divided into multiple channel and time division multiplexing is used within each channel 5. Compare the operation of multiplexer, an add-drop multiplexer, a switch, and a digital cross-connect

Review Questions 1. Enumerate and give function of any five network implementation device. 2. Explain three configuration types of Network Interface Cards. 3. Discuss the important of Ethernet cable tester. 4. Describe the Procedures for making network patch cable with Rj45. 5. Compare T-568A and T-568B 6. Enlist materials required for making network patch cable for a LAN.

Describe the procedure to connect two computer systems with only network card and cross over cable. 2. Under what condition can we use straight through network cable for connecting two computer systems. 3. Describe procedure for Configuring of IP Address on window 7 4. Describe how you can setup IP Logical Network Design for (1) 10 computers, 2 notebooks and a router on network; (2) 12 computers, a router and a network printer on network. Private IP addresses space: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255. 5. Why is it important to configure modem in bridge mode when setting up network? Hence describe the procedure to configure modem in bridge mode.

1. What are Steps towards Networking Troubleshooting 2. Describe Troubleshooting with Ping Commands 3. Describe the procedure for Troubleshoot Network Problem With "ping" Command. 4. On which condition can we require the use of nslookup command in network problem troubleshooting?