Answer even numbers problems from Gollnick book (Basic Radiation Protection Technology) Chapter 4

1. Describe a free radical. Why is it so reactive chemically? 2. Why is the release of OH free radicals in tissue exposed to ionizing radiation potentially harmful? What might be done to reduce this effect? 3. Why is the radiosensitivity indicator "LD50/30" changed to "LD50/60" when discussing human radiation effects? tion of each? 4. Describe each of the structures commonly found in cells. What is the func- 5. How does a cell make use of the molecule ATP as an energy supply? 6. List the various cell structures in order of increasing radiosensitivity. What would be the probable result of exposing cells to 1,000 rads? 7. What is meant by the term "chromosome aberration dosimetry?" 8. How is the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau used to predict cell radiosensi- tivity? What "practical" radiation protection application does it have? Why does the text refer to it as a "rule of thumb?" 9. Calculate the dose of x-rays that would produce the same effect as 3 rad of fast neutrons if the neutrons have an RBE of 10. 10. Discuss the probable result on the human blood system of an exposure to 650 rem under acute, whole body conditions. What steps might be taken to reduce the effects of these changes in the blood count? 1 1. Name the four major components that make up human blood. 12. What is the recommended radiation exposure limit for a developing fetus? 13. Describe the probable effects of an acute dose of 950 rem to the small intestine. How would your answer differ if the dose were delivered uniformly over a one-year period? 14. What would be the probable result of a person receiving an acute dose of 16,000 rem of penetrating radiation to the head and neck? (160 SV ) 15. What organ in the gastrointestinal tract has the highest radiosensitivity? 16. What is the difference between LD50/60 and what the text calls the maxi- mum survivable dose? What are the numerical values of each for humans? 127