Answer the following from below case study and references 1. a. Evaluate the significance of Programme's and Portfolio's and their management in relation to the successful delivery of an organisation's investment programme. 2. Appraise the significance of developing and maintaining a comprehensive business case for a programme. 3. Critically review the significance of benefits management and its impact on programmes.Case Study: CROSSRAILThe Crossrail project and programme, to be known as the Elizabeth line when operational, is one of the most significant rail infrastructure projects undertaken in UK and Europe. The cost of the scheme was originally estimated to be 15.9 billion however this rose to 18.8bn (Crossrail, 2020). A key benefit of the new scheme is to improve passenger journey times across London, provide improved connections and ease congestion on London Underground.In terms of statistics Crossrail will be a new railway running form Reading and Heathrow Airport, West of London, through to Paddington where it travels underground to Bond Street, Tottenham Court Road and rises in Liverpool Street to travel out to Shenfield and Abbey Wood in the East (see figure 1). The railway will stretch over 100km or 60 miles in length and carry an estimated 200million annual passengers (Crossrail, 2022a).The final phase of the programme is Trial Operations and is fully underway and is the final step before passenger service can fully commence. Crossrail is expected to be in operation in the first half of 2022 (Crossrail, 2021).ReferencesCrossrail (2022a) The Crossrail Project in Numbers, https://www.crossrail.co.ukews/crossrail-in- number, date accessed 10 January 2022.Crossrail (2022b) Crossrail Route Map, https://www.crossrail.co.uk/route/maps/, date accessed 10 January 2022.Crossrail (2021) Crossrail Project Update, https://www.crossrail.co.ukews/articles/crossrail-project- update, 20 December 2021. Date accessed 10 January 2022.Crossrail (2020) Crossrail Funding, https://www.crossrail.co.uk/about-us/funding. Date accessed 10 January 2022.Useful website and Documents:https://learninglegacy.crossrail.co.uk/about-learning-legacy/learning-legacy-framework/

DE Route Map Figure 1: Crossrail Route Map (Crossrail, 2022b)