Answer the following question. In $1979$ the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Islamic fundamentalists started a civil war, and the United States started to assist this guerilla war, and arm them with sophisticated surface to air missiles and anti$-$tank weaponry. The goal was to make Afghanistan, the Soviet Union's Vietnam War. This included Osama bin Laden.

$1.$ After the fall of communism, there was supposed to be a new world order. Explain how the Persian Gulf War gave hope to that idea. Explain what happened to cause the Persian Gulf War. However, after listening to the recorded lectures, why was Al Qaeda started following the Persian Gulf War?