Answer the following questions based on the information for Cloud $9$ presented in the appendix to this text and the current and earlier chapters. You should also consider your answers to the case study questions in earlier chapters. The following information focuses on evaluating inherent risk, control risk, and detection risk for purchase transactions and accounts payable.

Required

After reviewing the trial balance, calculate the following ratios for Cloud $9$ as of $1/31/2024,1/31/2025,$ and $10/31/2025$:

Accounts payable turnover in days $($use ending balance rather than average balance for accounts payable$).$

Cost of goods sold to average accounts payable.

Payables as a percent of total assets.

Current ratio.

Any other ratios and information that you believe would be appropriate to evaluating inherent risk for purchase transactions and accounts payable balances.

Based on your analysis of information gathered:

Identify high inherent risk assertions for purchase transactions and accounts payable.

Evaluate inherent risk for purchase transactions and accounts payable. Explain why you have identified various assertions as high or maximum risk for accounts payable.

Analyze and draw conclusions about the nature and extent of tests of controls:

For each assertion that you identify as high or maximum inherent risk, identify an internal control, or a combination of internal controls, that would control that risk.

Explain the nature and extent of tests of controls you would need to perform to assess control risk as low for the controls you identified in $($c$)1$ above.

Analyze and draw conclusions about the nature, timing, and extent of substantive procedures:

Given your conclusions about inherent risk and assuming that tests of controls show that internal controls are effective, what are your conclusions about detection risk for the assertions identified as high or maximum inherent risk? Explain your conclusions.

For the assertions you identified as high or maximum inherent risk, what is the substantive procedure you would suggest performing $($nature of the test$)?$ Explain your conclusions.

For the assertions you identified as high or maximum inherent risk, when do you suggest performing the substantive procedure $($timing of the test$)?$ Explain your conclusions.

For the assertions you identified as high or maximum inherent risk, how extensively should the auditor test these assertions $($extent of the test$)?$ Explain your conclusions.

Cloud $9$

Consolidated Statement of Income

For the $9$ months Ended For the year ended For the year ended

October $30,2025$ January $31,2025$ January $31,2024$

Revenues $$277,338,461100\mathrm{.}0\%$ $$364,953,846100\mathrm{.}0\%$ $$345,965,385$

Costs and expenses:

Cost of sales $$169,346,15461\mathrm{.}1\%222,496,15461\mathrm{.}0\%207,838,462$

Selling and administrative $$79,092,30828\mathrm{.}5\%104,450,00028\mathrm{.}6\%100,246,154$

Interest expense $$1,438,4610\mathrm{.}5\%1,257,6920\mathrm{.}3\%1,730,769$

Other $($income$)/$expense$,$ net $$453,8460\mathrm{.}2\%1,311,5390\mathrm{.}4\%796,154$

Total costs and expenses $$250,330,76990\mathrm{.}3\%329,515,38590\mathrm{.}3\%310,611,539$

Income before income taxes $$27,007,6929\mathrm{.}7\%35,438,4619\mathrm{.}7\%35,353,846$

Income taxes $$9,511,5383\mathrm{.}4\%12,757,6923\mathrm{.}5\%13,080,769$

Net income $$17,496,1546\mathrm{.}3\%$ $$22,680,7696\mathrm{.}2\%$ $$22,273,077$

Consolidated Balance Sheet

ASSETS January $31,2025$ January $31,2024$

Current Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $13,446,1545\mathrm{.}6\%11,692,3085\mathrm{.}2\%9,780,769$

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $$629,915$ and $$609,71369,780,76928\mathrm{.}9\%62,361,53827\mathrm{.}9\%60,361,539$

Inventory $55,100,00022\mathrm{.}8\%54,773,07724\mathrm{.}5\%55,615,385$

Investments $($Derivatives$)13,419,2315\mathrm{.}6\%14,460,5776\mathrm{.}5\%14,852,885$

Deferred income taxes $2,857,6921\mathrm{.}2\%3,357,6921\mathrm{.}5\%3,288,461$

Prepaid expenses and other current assets $9,265,3853\mathrm{.}8\%5,250,0002\mathrm{.}3\%7,276,923$

Total current assets $163,869,23167\mathrm{.}9\%151,895,19267\mathrm{.}9\%151,175,962$

Property, plant and equipment, net $64,042,30826\mathrm{.}6\%62,261,53927\mathrm{.}8\%60,900,000$

Identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, net $3,723,0071\mathrm{.}5\%3,820,1921\mathrm{.}7\%3,950,961$

Deferred income taxes and other assets $9,557,6924\mathrm{.}0\%5,853,8462\mathrm{.}6\%9,238,462$

Total assets $$241,192,238100\mathrm{.}0\%$ $$223,830,769100\mathrm{.}0\%$ $$225,265,385$

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current liabilties:

Current protion of long$-$term debt $2,115,3850\mathrm{.}9\%207,6920\mathrm{.}1\%1,926,923$

Notes payable $21,376,9238\mathrm{.}9\%28,896,15412\mathrm{.}9\%35,546,154$

Accounts payable $14,986,4576\mathrm{.}2\%20,615,3859\mathrm{.}2\%20,915,385$

Accrued liabilities $25,803,84610\mathrm{.}7\%18,157,6928\mathrm{.}1\%23,336,581$

Income taxes payable $2,211,539$