answer the true or false questions

- 1 The three branches of classical management approaches are scientific management, administrative principles, and bureaucratic organization. Henri Fayol and Mary Parker Follett were important contributors to scientific management, and Frederick Taylor and Max Weber were important contributors to administrative principles. A major assumption of classical approaches to management is that people are driven by human concerns for other workers. Frederick Taylor believed that employees who did their jobs without having clear and uniform specifications would lose efficiency and perform below their true capabilities. Scientific management seeks to develop a scientific approach to everyjob that includes careful selection and training of workers as well as proper supervisory support. Frederick Taylor's four principles of scientific management focus on developing a science for every job, carefully selecting workers based on their abilities, carefully training workers and giving them proper incentives, and supporting workers through careful planning of the work. Administrative study is the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions. Motion studies, conducted by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, provided the foundation for modern job simplification, work standard techniques, and incentive wage plans. Henri Fayol identified five rules of managementforesight, organization, command, coordination, and controlthat closely resemble the four management functions studied today. |_\\ O Henri Fayol set forth several management principles that could be taught to people to improve the quality of management practice. |_\\ H Henri Fayol's scalar chain principle, unity of command principle, and unity of direction principle mirror the managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. |_\\ N The scalar chain principle states that there should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the top to the bottom of the organization. The unity of command principle specifies that one person should be in charge of all activities that have the same performance objective. The unity of direction principle specifies that each person should receive orders from only one boss. Max Weber believed that people held positions of authority because of whom they knew, not what they knew. In Weber's view, this problem could be addressed effectively through a form of organization known as bureaucracy. A bureaucracy is an ideal form of organization that is rational and efficient, and is founded on the principles of logic, order, and legitimate authority. Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by a clear division of labour, a clear hierarchy of authority, informal rules and procedures, personal coordination and control, and careers based on seniority or nepotism. Efficiency in the utilization of resources and fairness in the treatment of employees and clients are potential advantages of bureaucratic organizations. The work of Max Weber still has a major impact on management but only in Europe. 20 Red tape, slowness in handling problems, resistance to change, and employee apathy are disadvantages of bureaucratic organizations