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VIRUSES & EMERGING DISEASES . . . . . . ...................... . Before viewing. . .. Review/read the information below. Properties of viruses no membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, or other cellular components they cannot move or grow they can only reproduce inside a host cell . they consist of 2 major parts - a protein coat, and hereditary/genetic material (DNA or RNA) they are extremely tiny, much smaller than a cell and only visible with advanced electron microscopes Parasitic Nature Obligate intracellular parasites Specific to their hosts (human, dog, some can cross species)' . They can only attack specific cells, the common cold is a virus that specifically attacks cells of the respiratory track (hence the coughing and sneezing and sniffling). HIV virus specifically attacks white blood cells. Viral Reproduction Emerging Viruses . Lytic cycle = reproduction occurs, cells burst Illnesses not previously known (AIDS, West Nile Lysogenic cycle = reproduction does not Virus, SARS, Ebola, Bird Flu) immediately occur (dormancy) Could be mutations of known viruses Virulent = viruses that undergo both cycles Could be viruses exposed when new areas were developed How Do Vaccines Work? Could have jumped species 1. Once you have gotten a virus, such as chicken pox, your body develops the immunity to that virus. 2. Vaccines are made by growing a weakened or killed form of the virus (often grown in eggs) 3. This form of the virus is injected into a person's body, which causes an immune response, and immunity to the virus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . .'..... . . . . . . . ... . .. ... . . .. .. ...... .. . .... . INFLUENZA 1918 - An American Experience The 1918 flu killed more people than all the _ wars combined 2. Where did the first case appear?. Kansas In one week, how many soldiers were infected? _300 3: List two vaccines available at this time. Small pox, rabies 4. When we sent 1.5 million Americans overseas, some came from Kansas and now the American, English, French, and German soldier's got sick. As it spread, it_ -reproduced becoming more and more deadly. 5 . Each cough would carry Nowvents of virus particles and it would not take long for one case to become ten thousand ca 6. The childhood rhyme, " I had a little _(CO.It's name was Enza. I opened up the _window, and in-flew-enza." 7. Rumors circulated such as the planted germs or it was punishment for sins. 8. some towns were quarantined, like Meadow, Utah, but the Mail way brought it to this town. 9. Because hospitals were so crowed, emergency relief centers sprang up in parks and _playgrounds 10. Laws required people to wear _MASK_in public but it didn't work because they were thin and Dorice It was like trying to keep out dust with chicken wire. Why was the first vaccine (shipped to San Francisco by an express train) fail? They were 14. 851 people died in one day in New Yorken on the right track but they theought it was frombe 15. In 31 days 95 housingAmericans died in O In September of 1918, _ _died in America would be a worse month. when it 16. Farms and factories shut down, an all closed. Those who were aged 2 to 29 -were most Wasn't vulnerable to this flu. 17. Worldwide, at least_ died of pandemic