1. Appendix I lists some of the nearest stars. Are most of these stars hotter or cooler than the Sun? Do any of them emit more energy than the Sun? If so, which ones?
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The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs Star System Discovery Name Distance (light-year) Spectral Type Location: RA! Location: Dec? Luminosity (Sun = 1) Sun G2 V 1 Proxima Centauri 4.2 M5.5 V 14 29 -62 40 5x 10-5 2 Alpha Centauri A 4.4 G2 V 14 39 -60 50 1.5 3 Alpha Centauri B 4.4 K2 IV 14 39 -60 50 0.5 6.0 4.4 x 10-4 4 Barnard's Star M4 V 17 57 +04 42 2 x 10-5 5 4 Wolf 359 7.8 M6 V 10 56 +07 00 Lalande 21185 5.7 x 10-3 8.3 M2 V 11 03 +35 58 7 6 Sirius A 8.6 A1 V 06 45 -16 42 23.1 Sirius B DA2 06 45 2.5 x 10-3 8.6 -16 43 Luyten 726-8 A 01 39 -17 57 6 x 10-5 9 8.7 M5.5 V 10 Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti) 8.7 M6 V 01 39 4 x 10-5 -17 57 11 8 Ross 154 9.7 M.05 V 18 49 -23 50 5x 10-4 Ross 248 (HH Andromedae) 1.0 x 10-4 12 9 10.3 M5.5 V 23 41 +44 10 13 10 Epsilon Eridani 10.5 K2 V 03 32 -09 27 0.29 14 11 Lacaille 9352 10.7 МO.5 V 23 05 -35 51 0.011 Ross 128 (FI Virginis) M4 V +00 48 3.4 x 10-4 15 12 10.9 11 47 16 13 Luyten 789-6 A (EZ Aquarii A) 11.3 5x 10-5 M5 V 22 38 -15 17 M5.5 V 5 x 10-5 17 Luyten 789-6 B (EZ Aquarii B) 11.3 22 38 -15 15 Luyten 789-6 C (EZ Aquarii C) 2 x 10-5 18 11.3 M6.5 V 22 38 -15 17 19 14 61 Cygni A 11.4 K5 V 21 06 +38 44 0.086 20 61 Cygni B 11.4 K7 V 21 06 +38 44 0.041 21 15 Procyon A 11.4 F51V 07 39 +05 13 7.38 wa 07 39 5.5 x 10-4 22 Procyon B 11.4 +05 13 3. 2. Co The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs Star System Discovery Name Distance (light-year) Spectral Type Location: RA! Location: Dec? Luminosity (Sun = 1) Sun G2 V 1 Proxima Centauri 4.2 M5.5 V 14 29 -62 40 5x 10-5 2 Alpha Centauri A 4.4 G2 V 14 39 -60 50 1.5 3 Alpha Centauri B 4.4 K2 IV 14 39 -60 50 0.5 6.0 4.4 x 10-4 4 Barnard's Star M4 V 17 57 +04 42 2 x 10-5 5 4 Wolf 359 7.8 M6 V 10 56 +07 00 Lalande 21185 5.7 x 10-3 8.3 M2 V 11 03 +35 58 7 6 Sirius A 8.6 A1 V 06 45 -16 42 23.1 Sirius B DA2 06 45 2.5 x 10-3 8.6 -16 43 Luyten 726-8 A 01 39 -17 57 6 x 10-5 9 8.7 M5.5 V 10 Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti) 8.7 M6 V 01 39 4 x 10-5 -17 57 11 8 Ross 154 9.7 M.05 V 18 49 -23 50 5x 10-4 Ross 248 (HH Andromedae) 1.0 x 10-4 12 9 10.3 M5.5 V 23 41 +44 10 13 10 Epsilon Eridani 10.5 K2 V 03 32 -09 27 0.29 14 11 Lacaille 9352 10.7 МO.5 V 23 05 -35 51 0.011 Ross 128 (FI Virginis) M4 V +00 48 3.4 x 10-4 15 12 10.9 11 47 16 13 Luyten 789-6 A (EZ Aquarii A) 11.3 5x 10-5 M5 V 22 38 -15 17 M5.5 V 5 x 10-5 17 Luyten 789-6 B (EZ Aquarii B) 11.3 22 38 -15 15 Luyten 789-6 C (EZ Aquarii C) 2 x 10-5 18 11.3 M6.5 V 22 38 -15 17 19 14 61 Cygni A 11.4 K5 V 21 06 +38 44 0.086 20 61 Cygni B 11.4 K7 V 21 06 +38 44 0.041 21 15 Procyon A 11.4 F51V 07 39 +05 13 7.38 wa 07 39 5.5 x 10-4 22 Procyon B 11.4 +05 13 3. 2. Co

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Red dwarf stars have cooler surface temperature and hence e... View the full answer