Applied Nanotech is thinking about introducing a new surface cleaning machine. The marketing department has come up with the estimate that Applied Nanotech can sell 16 units per year at $313,000 net cash flow per unit for the next four years. The engineering department has come up with the estimate that developing the machine will take a $15.6 million initial investment. The finance department has estimated that a discount rate of 11 percent should be used. If unsuccessful, after the first year the project can be dismantled and will have an aftertax salvage value of $11.8 million. Also, after the first year, expected cash flows will be revised up to 21 units per year or to 0 units, with equal probability. What is the NPV?