Assignment $2-$Part A $($Descriptive Question$)(15$ pts$)$ Question $1.$ Journal Article Summery $(2$ pts$.)$Read the journal article: "Valued Stream Management $($VSM$)$ for Lean Office A Case Study" by Chen and Cox $(2012).[$The article is available in the Assignment $2$ folder.$]$ Answer the following. In creating Lean Office,$1.$ What is the difference between the current state of VSM and the future state of VSM$?2.$ What are the improvement activities $($or Kaizen events$)$ they applied to achieve the future state of VSM$?$ Question $2.$ Lean Tool Value Stream Map $(11$ pts$.)$Create a Value Stream Map for a process.i$)$ Describe a process of your choice $($that you have experienced, or you know well, or you worked in the past or currently working.$)(1$ pt$.)$ ii$)$ Create your own Value Stream Map for the process you described $(2$ pt$.)$ iii$)$ Map out a process $($use a standard process format or a value stream map, VSM$,$ format$).$This may be done by hand $($neatly$)$ or using a computer software $($preferably$)$ Microsoft Visio, Excel, or PowerPoint. You need to draw$/$develop your own VSM$.(3$ pts$.)1$ iv$)$ Identify Value Added $($VA$)$ and Non$-$value added NVA time from the value stream map. $[$Note: All wait times are NVA$](1$ pt$.)[$Note: To answer Question $2($Part $2)$ you need to identify processing time for individual processes and wait times between the process $($or WIP inventory$)$ in between processes.$]$ v$)$ Calculate the following from the current state of VSM $(2$ pts$.)$a$.$ Total Process time: $($value added time$)$b$.$ Total Wait time: $($non$-$value added time$)$c$.$ Total Cycle time: $($Process $+$ waiting time$)$ or $($value added $+$ non$-$value added$)$d$.$ Calculate efficiency $(\%$ process time$/$cycle time$)$ vi$)$ Identify opportunities for improvement, and list potential improvement ideas. $(1$ pt$.)$ Question $3.$ Kanban System $(2$ pts$)$What is Kanban?Do you see an application of Kanban in your process $($the system you described with the value stream diagram$)?$ Explain how a Kanban can improve the system's performance.$(2$ pts$.)$Here I post two brief VSM examples for Question $2$ Example $2($iii$).$ A value stream map for an assembly operation. Describe the system: Draw the VSM: Data analysis:Value added time: $300+45+240$ sec $=585$ sec $=9\mathrm{.}75$ min Non$-$value$-$added time $=6+4+1+3$ days $=14$ daysCycle time: Value added $+$ non$-$value added $=14$ x $60$ x $60$ min $+9\mathrm{.}75$ min $=50390$ min Efficiency: Value added $/$ Cycle time $=9\mathrm{.}75/50390=0\mathrm{.}02\%($non$-$efficient system$).$