Assume a mobile cloud system consists of a central cloud datacenter and a number of mobile devices,

such that the mobile devices may execute heir tasks either locally, offload it to a more powerful mobile

device, or offload it to the far cloud datacenter. When the task is offloaded to another mobile device, it may

traverse a number of hops to reach the target one. Derive the task completion time, cost, and energy metrics

which are independently used to make efficient task offloading decisions.

The parameters that should be considered in the problem formulation are: task completion time,

communication time, energy consumption .by task processing and communication, and the cost for task

processing and communication.