At the machine-code level, a structured value typically contains some form of tag indicating which of several variants forms the data may take (e.g. ‘leaf’ versus ‘branch’); this determines how subsequent fields are to be interpreted (e.g. as pointers, strings or floating-point values). (i) Give code to show how to type declarations in Java, ML, and Pascal that may be used to describe such structured values, following the above description as closely as possible. (ii) For one of your type declarations identify a source of type unsafety that can arise.

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