Automation can be defined as the technology by which a process or procedure is

accomplished without human assistance. It is implemented using a program of instructions

combined with a control system that executes the instructions. An automated system consists of

three basic elements: $(1)$ power to accomplish the process and operate the system, $(2)$ a

program of instructions to direct the process, and $(3)$ a control system to actuate the

instructions.

a$)$ Discuss how South African manufacturing industries can accomplish the

implementation of automation given the challenges of power$/$energy$/$electricity supply in

South Africa. $(10)$

b$)$ Automation requires highly skilled personnel in different aspects. Discuss how you

think South African education system should respond to the automation skills demand.

$(10)$

c$)$ According to Stats SA $(2023),$ South Africa recorded an unemployment rate of $31,9\%$

in the third quarter of $2023.$ Given this, how will automation affect employment in the

manufacturing industry? $(10)$