Question: Background: Resistors, inductors, and capacitors are not the only elements that can be used to model machines. A Warburg impedance describes diffusion in batteries and

Background: Resistors, inductors, and capacitors are not the only elements that can be used to model machines. A Warburg impedance describes diffusion in batteries and electrochemical systems. An inductor has an angle of 90+ at all frequencies, the Warburg impedance has an angle of -45o at all frequencies.

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