Background

The Periodic Table is arranged according to Periodic Law. ThePeriodic Law states that when elements are arranged in order ofincreasing atomic number, their physical and chemical propertiesshow a periodic pattern. These patterns can be discovered byexamining the changes in properties of elements on the PeriodicTable. The properties that will be examined in this lesson are:atomic size, ionic radius, electronegativity, and ionizationenergy.

Pre-Discussion

Define the following terms in your lab write-up:

• Period
• Group (Family)
• Atomic radius
• Electronegativity
• First ionization energy

Procedure

Create the following graphs from the data given in the datatable below, and insert them in your lab write-up after you havedefined the terms above. The graphs can be used to “see” useful andmeaningful trends for elements on the Periodic Table. Be sure touse a graphing program (i.e. Excel) to make accurate graphs, andto include a graph title and label the x and y axis. Eachgraph will be an X-Y scatter graph.

Graph 1

For elements 1 - 28, make a graph (X-Y scatter graph) of atomicradius as a function of atomic number. Plot atomic number on theX-axis and the atomic radius on the Y-axis.

Graph 2

For elements 1 - 28, make an X-Y scatter graph of the ionizationenergy. Plot atomic number on the X-axis and ionization energy onthe Y-axis.

Graph 3

For elements 1 - 28, make an X-Y scatter graph of the ionicradius. Plot atomic number on the X-axis and the ionic size on theY-axis.

Graph 4

For elements 1 - 28, make an X-Y scatter graph of theelectronegativity. Plot atomic number on the X-axis and theelectronegativity on the Y-axis.

Data Table

H	1	53	1311	2.20
He	2	31	2371
Li	3	167	520	0.98	60
Be	4	112	899	1.57	31
B	5	87	800	2.04	20
C	6	67	1086	2.55	15
N	7	56	1402	3.04	171
O	8	48	1313	3.44	140
F	9	42	1680	3.98	136
Ne	10	36	2080
Na	11	190	496	0.93	95
Mg	12	145	737	1.31	65
Al	13	118	577	1.61	50
Si	14	111	786	1.90	41
P	15	98	1011	2.19	212
S	16	88	999	2.58	184
Cl	17	79	1251	3.16	181
Ar	18	71	1520
K	19	243	419	0.82	133
Ca	20	194	590	1.00	99
Sc	21	184	633	1.36	106
Ti	22	176	659	1.54	96
V	23	171	651	1.63	88
Cr	24	166	653	1.66	81
Mn	25	161	717	1.55	75
Fe	26	156	762	1.83	74
Co	27	152	760	1.88	72
Ni	28	149	737	1.91	72

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