Based on (O'Hara, R.B. 2009. How to make models add up - a primer on GLMMs. Annales Zoologici Fennici 46(2):124-137), (Ellison, A.M. 2004. Bayesian inference in ecology. Ecology Letters 7(6):509-520.), (Guthery, F.S., J.J. Lusk, and M.J. Peterson. 2001. The fall of the null hypothesis: liabilities and opportunities. Journal of Wildlife Management 65(3):379-384.), (Koricheva, J., and J. Gurevitch. 2014. Uses and misuses of meta-analysis in plant ecology. Journal of Ecology 102:828-844.) answer the following questions. Ensure the journals mentioned include recent peer-reviewed journals not already mentioned to fully explain and answer with enough detail to convey your understanding of the concepts involved.Elaborate and provide specific statistical data measured in the studies.Fully cite all sources in-text and provide a full reference section at the end.

Specifically:

1. What are, and what is the relevance, of the prior and posterior distributions in Bayesian inference?