Basic Components & Bootstrapping

1. What does the acronym BIOS stand for?
2. What does the acronym UEFI stand for? What differentiates UEFI from the traditional BIOS?
3. What does the acronym CMOS stand for? In a PC, what are we really talking about when we refer to "the CMOS?"
4. What does CPU stand for? Give an example of a CPU and describe several of the specifications of a CPU such as core speed, bus speed, bus width, word size, cache, number of cores, and hyper-threading.
5. With reference to a CPU, what do the terms X86 and X64 mean? Where did each of these terms originate?
6. Explain what "booting" a computer means. What are some differences between a cold boot and a warm boot? (These are also referred to as a hard boot and a soft boot).
7. What would you do if you wanted to change the boot sequence of your computer so that it would try to boot from the CDROM first?
8. What methods are used to perform the following? Shutdown, restart, reset, and lock the computer (so that the password must be reentered to resume use).
9. Explain how you could boot versions of Microsoft Windows through 7 in safe mode? What about Windows 8, 8.1, and 10? What are some reasons for booting in safe mode?