Because the U.S. Constitution is vague or silent about many of the roles of state and local governments, many of the complex relationships in American federalism are governed by _____.

A. informal rules such as traditions that are accepted and followed implicitly by political actors

B. formal agreements between state and local governments that are passed as ordinances

C. formal rules such as mores and folkways that are clearly stated in state constitutions

D. amendments to the Constitution of the United States passed in the late 20^thcentury