Question: Below are data collected from a recent outbreak of multidrug resistant bacteria in a single hospital. Use the information to reconstruct a pathway of transmission.

Below are data collected from a recent outbreak of multidrug resistant bacteria in a single hospital. Use the information to reconstruct a pathway of transmission. Note, two bacterial isolates were sequenced from each patient. When constructing the transmission map, please consider the following:

Pathogens can pass between two patients even if they don?t come into direct contact?

? A single patient can be infected multiple times and from different sources, in a transmission map this would look like the opposite of a fork or bifurcatio

? Pathogens can evolve within patients

10 11 12 0 ICU 1 ICU 2 ICU Patients A B ? D E Days in which each patient spent time in a given location 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ICU ICU

Patients A B C patients) Bacterial genome sample ID (letters correspond t D E F Bacterial genome sample ID A1 EHENEN A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 F1 F2 0 ICU 1 ICU 2 ICU Ancestor Evolved Days in which each patient spent time in a given location 3 5 6 7 8 9 ICU 0 1 2 3 A1 4 ICU ICU ICU ICU ICU ICU ICU 1 1 2 6 B1 & B2 1 When bacteria were isolated and genomes sequenced 4 5 9 A2 7 C1 & 2 1 1 2 1 8 E1 & E2 10 1 2 2 10 D1 & D2 11 1 2 11 Varibale sites in the genome 12 2 12 F1 & F2

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