Benchmarks; quality costs

For a benchmark, assume that the average firm incurs quality costs in the following proportions:

Prevention$30\%$Appraisal$25\%$Internal failure$15\%$External failure$30\%$Total costs$100\%$

$1.$ When are each of the costs of quality incurred during the product life cycle: before production, during production, after production, and$/$or after sale?

PreventionAnswer $1$After sale onlyBefore and during productionBefore production onlyBefore, during, and after productionDuring and after productionDuring production onlyAppraisalAnswer $2$After sale onlyBefore and during productionBefore production onlyBefore, during, and after productionDuring and after productionDuring production onlyInternal failureAnswer $3$After sale onlyBefore and during productionBefore production onlyBefore, during, and after productionDuring and after productionDuring production onlyExternal failureAnswer $4$After sale onlyBefore and during productionBefore production onlyBefore, during, and after productionDuring and after productionDuring production only

$2.$ Would each of the following industries be inclined to have a spending pattern on quality costs that differs from the benchmark? Match each industry to the most relevant description of expected differences from the benchmark for an average firm.

Note: Use each description only once.

a$.$ Pharmaceutical company:

Answer $5$Higher prevention and appraisal and lower internal and external failure costsMore on prevention costs and external failure costsMore prevention costs and less appraisal costsMore prevention costs and less appraisal, internal, and external failure costsSimilar pattern to typical company

b$.$ Discount merchandiser, assumed to not be competing in higher end markets:

Answer $6$Higher prevention and appraisal and lower internal and external failure costsMore on prevention costs and external failure costsMore prevention costs and less appraisal costsMore prevention costs and less appraisal, internal, and external failure costsSimilar pattern to typical company

c$.$ Computer manufacturer competing on the basis of quality and not price.

Answer $7$Higher prevention and appraisal and lower internal and external failure costsMore on prevention costs and external failure costsMore prevention costs and less appraisal costsMore prevention costs and less appraisal, internal, and external failure costsSimilar pattern to typical company

d$.$ Used$-$car retailer with focus on maintaining a high reputation for service.

Answer $8$Higher prevention and appraisal and lower internal and external failure costsMore on prevention costs and external failure costsMore prevention costs and less appraisal costsMore prevention costs and less appraisal, internal, and external failure costsSimilar pattern to typical company

$.$ Local lawn service company with high priority on employee safety.

Answer $9$