Biophysics Identification Questions Instructions - Read each question carefully. - Provide the correct term or concept related to biophysics. 1. The field of science that applies the principles of physics to understand biological systems at molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. 2. The property of a biological membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through while restricting others, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. 3. The phenomenon where proteins fold into their three-dimensional structure, which is crucial for their function, often studied using techniques like X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. 4. The fundamental physical law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transformed, playing a crucial role in cellular metabolism. 5. The branch of mechanics that describes the movement of biological fluids, including blood flow in arteries and air movement in the lungs. 6. The biophysical principle that explains how charged ions move across a membrane due to an electrochemical gradient, essential for nerve impulse conduction. 7. The type of radiation that has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, leading to ionization and potential damage to biological tissues. 8. The molecular machine within cells that converts chemical energy from ATP into mechanical work, enabling movement and intracellular transport. 9. The law that describes how the diffusion rate of a substance is proportional to the difference in concentration, commonly applied to the movement of gases in the lungs. 10. The technique used to determine the atomic structure of macromolecules by analyzing how X-rays scatter when they interact with a crystalline sample. 11. The force that resists the relative motion of two contacting surfaces, crucial in biomechanics for understanding joint movement and prosthetic designs. 12. The term describing the ability of a material, such as biological tissues, to deform under stress and return to its original shape when the stress is removed. 13. The primary macromolecule responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information, composed of a double-helix structure. 14. The type of microscopy that uses a focused beam of electrons instead of light to visualize structures at the nanometer scale. 15. The name of the electrical model that represents the plasma membrane as a capacitor with parallel conductance channels, used in neurophysiology. 16. The theoretical limit on the minimum amount of energy required to change the state of a single bit in computational processes, relevant in biophysical computing. 17. The property of biological tissues that describes their ability to absorb and dissipate mechanical energy, affecting their response to forces and impacts. 18. The process by which molecules spontaneously move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration without the input of external energy. 19. The name given to the principle that describes how the total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas. 20. The effect in which a charged particle moving through a dielectric medium at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium emits electromagnetic radiation, used in radiation detection. 21. The type of flow characterized by smooth, parallel layers of fluid, commonly observed in blood flow under normal physiological conditions. 22. The biophysical phenomenon where a cell shrinks due to water loss when placed in a hypertonic solution. 23. The term used to describe the frequency-dependent response of a biological system to an oscillating electric field, which can be measured using impedance spectroscopy. 24. The principle that explains how a fluid's velocity increases as its cross-sectional area decreases, applicable in blood flow through constricted vessels. 25. The name of the mathematical equation that describes the voltage across a cell membrane based on ion permeability and concentration gradients. 26. The optical property that allows biological tissues to scatter and absorb light in a way that enables medical imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography. 27. The type of bond formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of adjacent water molecules, contributing to water's high surface tension and unique properties. 28. The term describing the capacity of biological macromolecules to exist in multiple conformational states, which is essential for enzyme function and allosteric regulation. 29. The phenomenon where small biological structures exhibit greater surface-area-to-volume ratios, influencing diffusion rates and metabolic efficiency. 30. The fundamental biophysical principle that describes the conversion of mechanical stimuli into electrical signals in sensory cells, such as those in the inner ear