blank $$can $$

be

$$described $$

as

$$the $$rational $$process $$

by

$$which $$the $$

top $$management $$team $$takes $$primary $$responsibility $$

to

$$formulate $$strategy $$and $$sets $$goals $$

to

$$ensure $$the $$future $$success $$

of

$$their $$organization$.$

a

$.$

strategy $$

as

$$planned $$emergence $$

b

$.$

$$bottom $$

up

$$strategic $$planning $$

c

$.$

$$top $$down $$strategic $$planning $$

d

$.$

$$emergent $$leadership