Both the U$.$S$.$ Constitution and the Texas Constitution name the second$-$in$-$line executive official $($vice president and lieutenant governor, respectively$)$ to chair the senate$.$ Why does the Texas lieutenant governor have more power in this role than the vice president does today?

Historically, lieutenant governors have assumed a more active role in the Senate than their vice presidential counterparts.

The Texas Constitution provides more specific powers to the lieutenant governor than the U$.$S$.$ Constitution does to the vice president.

The U$.$S$.$ Constitution provides more restrictive powers to the vice president than the Texas Constitution does to the lieutenant governor.

The Texas Senate has significantly fewer members than the U$.$S$.$ Senate.