Briefly summarize the following information. Basic Reading: The Basic Reading cluster is a measure of sight vocabulary, phonics and the ability to use familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and suffixes) to discover the meaning of unfamiliar words. This cluster is made up of the Letter-Word Identification and Word Attack subtests. Luke's standard score was an 81 which is in the Below Average range.

Reading subtests:

Test 1: Letter Word Identification measured Luke's word identification skills. The initial items required him to identify letters that appear in large type. The remaining items required Luke to read aloud individual words correctly. He was not required to know the meanings of the words. Luke's standard score was an 80 which is Below Average range. Test 4: Passage Comprehension measures the ability to use syntactic and semantic cues to identify a missing word in text. The initial passage comprehension items involve symbolic learning, or the ability to match a rebus (pictograph representation of a word) with an actual picture of the object. The next items are presented in a multiple-choice format and required Luke to point to the picture represented by a phrase. The remaining items required him to read a short passage and identify a missing key word that made sense in the context of that passage (a cloze approach to reading comprehension assessment.). Luke's standard score was 83 which is Below Average range.

Test 7: Word Attack measured Luke's ability to apply phonic and structural analysis skills to the pronunciation of unfamiliar printed words. The initial items required him to produce the sounds for single letters. The remaining items required Luke to read aloud letter combinations that are phonically consistent or are regular patterns in English spelling but are nonsense or low-frequency words. The items become more difficult as the complexity of the nonsense words increases. Luke's standard score was an 84 which is Below Average range.

Math Clusters: Math Calculation: The Math Calculation Cluster is a measure of computational skills (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and the automaticity of these skills in order to solve basic math problems. Math Problem Solving: The Math Problem Solving cluster is a measure of mathematical knowledge and reasoning. It requires the use of problem solving, analysis and reasoning. Luke's standard score was a 72 which is Low range. Math Subtests: Test 2: Applied problems required Luke to analyze and solve math problems, a quantitative knowledge ability. To solve the problems, he needed to listen to the problem, recognize the procedure to be followed, and then perform relatively simple calculations. Because many of the problems include extra unnecessary information, Luke needed to decide not only the appropriate mathematical operations to use but also which numbers to include in the calculation. Luke's standard score was an 89 which is Below Average range. Test 5: Calculation is a test of math achievement measuring the ability to perform mathematical computations, a quantitative knowledge ability. The initial items in Calculation require the individual to write single numbers. The remaining items require the person to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and combinations of these basic operations, as well as some geometric, trigonometric, logarithmic, and calculus operations. The calculations involve negative numbers, percentages, decimals, fractions, and whole numbers. Because the calculations are presented in a traditional problem format in the Response Booklet, Luke was not required to make any decisions about what operations to use or what data to include. Luke's standard score was a 62 which is Very Low range.

Writing: Written Expression: The Written Expression cluster is a measure of the ability to write meaningful expression with appropriate flow and accuracy. Luke's standard score was a 73 which is in the Low range. Writing Subtests: Test 3: Spelling, a reading-writing ability, required Luke to write words that were presented orally. The initial items measure prewriting skills, such as drawing lines and tracing letters. The next set of items required Luke to produce uppercase and lowercase letters. The remaining items measured his ability to spell words correctly. The items become increasingly difficult as the words become more difficult. Luke's standard score was a 70 which is Low range. Test 6: Writing Samples measured Luke's skill in writing responses to a variety of demands. He was asked to write sentences which were later evaluated for their quality of expression. Item difficulty increased by increasing passage length, the level of vocabulary, and the sophistication of the content. Luke was not penalized for errors in basic writing skills, such as spelling or punctuation during this subtest. Luke's standard score was an 84 which is Below Average range.