bState the null as well as the alternative hypothesis. Be sure to include symbols and words. (6 points)c Identify the critical value and draw a rejection region. Be sure to note the alpha level (i.e., thecriterion) and degrees of freedom associated with this value. (10 points)dCalculate the appropriate 1-test to answer this question. (15 points)Reject or retain the null hypothesis, make a statement regarding the population mean difference, make a statement regarding the direction of the effect, interpret the Praine associated with the sample mean difference (i.e., make a statement regarding the likelihood of the sample mean difference if the null hypothesis is true). (10 points)f. Calculate a 95% confidence interval of the population mean difference and interpret. (10 points)Calculate the d effect size and interpret. (8 points)

2. Paired samples t-test: A researcher hypothesized that college students would have a tendency to be more liberal at the end of college relative to the beginning. A researcher measured the political orientation of 12 college freshmen using a scale that ranged from liberal to conservative (1 being extremely liberal; 6 being extremely conservative). Four years later, just before graduation, the same 12 students reported their political orientation again. The following scores were obtained. (Total = 65 points) 2008 2012 (X1) (X 2) ANWNAAWADAUN A AWAAN- WNUND MDifference = .58 ST Difference a. Determine the independent variable, levels of the independent variable, and the dependent variable (6 points)