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Safety First Inc. produces baby products, including car seats for children from $0-2$ years old. The company is worried because one of its competitors has recently come under public scrutiny because of product failure. Historically, Safety First Inc's only problem with its car seats was stitching in the straps. The problem can usually be detected and repaired during an internal inspection. The cost of the inspection is $$5\mathrm{.}00$ per car seat, and the repair cost is $$1\mathrm{.}00$ per car seat. All $200,000$ car seats were inspected last year, and $5\%$ were found to have problems with the stitching in the straps during the internal inspection. Another $1\%$ of the $200,000$ car seats had problems with the stitching, but the internal inspection did not discover them. Defective units that were sold and shipped to customers needed to be shipped back to Safety First and repaired. Shipping costs are $$8\mathrm{.}00$ per car seat, and repair costs are $$1\mathrm{.}00$ per car seat. However, the outof$-$pocket costs $($shipping and repair$)$ are not the only costs of defects not discovered in the internal inspection. Negative publicity will result in a loss of future contribution margin of $$100$ for each external failure.

Required

Calculate appraisal cost.

Calculate internal failure cost.

Calculate out$-$of$-$pocket external failure cost.

Determine the opportunity $[$ost associated with the external failures.

What are the total costs of quality?

Safety First is concerned with the high up$-$front cost of inspecting all $200,000$ units. It is considering an alternative internal inspection plan that will cost only $$3\mathrm{.}00$ per car seat inspected. During the internal inspection, the alternative technique will detect only $3\mathrm{.}5\%$ of the $200,000$ car seats that have stitching problems. The other $2\mathrm{.}5\%$ will be detected after the car seats are sold and shipped. What are the total costs of quality for the alternative technique?

What factors other than cost should Safety First consider before changing inspection techniques?