Question: by using Rtudio; Step 1. Talk about data collection. The researcher selected a random sample of 14 mothers from Population 1 and 18 mothers from

by using Rtudio; Step 1. Talk about data collection. The researcher selected a random sample of 14 mothers from Population 1 and 18 mothers from Population 2. He made determinations of cadmium levels in the placenta of mothers in the sample. The researcher collected cadmium levels from two populations: Population 1 (Smokers): 14 mothers Population 2 (Non-smokers): 18 mothers Code and output smokers <- c(30.1, 30.1, 15.0, 24.1, 30.5, 17.8, 16.8, 14.8, 13.4, 28.5, 17.5, 14.4, 12.5, 20.4) non_smokers <- c(10.0, 8.4, 12.8, 25.0, 11.8, 9.8, 12.5, 15.4, 23.5, 9.4, 25.1, 19.5, 25.5, 9.8, 7.5, 11.8, 12.2, 15.0) Code mean(smokers) sd(smokers) length(smokers) mean(nonsmokers) sd(nonsmokers) length(nonsmokers) # Print the results mean_smokers sd_smokers n_smokers mean_non_smokers sd_non_smokers n_non_smokers output mean_smokers 20.42143 sd_smokers 6.824974 n_smokers 14 mean_non_smokers 14.72222 sd_non_smokers 6.198629 n_non_smokers 18 Step 2. Ascertain the degrees of freedom. D.f. = 14 + 18 - 2 = 30. Code df <- n_smokers + n_non_smokers - 2 Output 30 Step 3. Determine the appropriate percentile. t.975 = 2.042

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