$($c$)$

Calculate defined benefit expense for the year $2023.$Current service cost$-$$$225,600,$ Contribution to the plan$-$ $$263,100,$ Past service cost, effective December $31,2023-$ $$25,600,$ Actual return on plan assets$-$ $$160,000,$ Benefits paid$-$ $$106,000,$ Net defined liability at January $1,2023-$$$400,600,$ Plan assets on January $1,2023-$$$1,600,000,$ Defined benefit obligation at January $1,2023-$ $$2,000,600,$ Interest$/$discount rate on the DBO and plan assets.

Defined benefit expense

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$($d$)$

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$($e$)$

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