Calculate Lead Timeboard assembly time. After each batch is completed, the operator moves the assembled boards to the final assembly area. This move takes $11$ minutes to complete.

two operations. Packaging and labeling requires $8$ minutes per unit.

percentage to one decimal place.

Value$-$added lead time

Non$-$value$-$added lead time:

Wait time lead time

min.

Move time lead time

min.

Move time lead time min.

Total non$-$value$-$added lead time

Total lead time

Value$-$added ratio $($as a percent$)$

Move time in this process could best be reduced by:

a$.$ Doing nothing.

b$.$ Changing the layout from a process orientation to a product orientation.

c$.$ Increasing batch sizes.

d$.$ Eliminating the testing step.

e$.$ Hiring more workers.

batch sizes of $85$ parts. A part requires $3$ minutes in milling and $8$ minutes in finishing. The move time between the two operations for a complete batch is $9$ minutes.

eliminated.

Traditional Philosophy Lean Manufacturing Philosophy

Value$-$added time

min

min

Non$-$value$-$added time

min

min

Total lead time

min

min

Value$-$added ratio $($as a percent$)$

$\%$

$\%$