Car crash analysis programs allow engineers to simulate collisions, saving both time and costs involved in real crash tests. However, these programs rely on models that simplify real$-$world conditions, such as dividing the car into grid elements and calculating crash dynamics in discrete time steps. This raises ethical concerns regarding the accuracy of simulations in fully predicting real$-$world impacts on vehicle safety. Which of the following represents a primary ethical concern related to the reliance on modeling in car crash testing?

Question $6$ options:

Modeling eliminates the need for real crash tests, making safety confirmation unnecessary.

Engineers rely on physical tests to compensate for weaknesses in modeling, making simulations unnecessary.

Simulations are entirely unreliable, so using them in vehicle design is unethical.

The simplifications in modeling may lead to a false sense of security in car safety, potentially compromising passenger well$-$being.