Carter has chosen to invoke his privilege against self-incrimination. Which of the below is an accurate statement about Carter's invocation of this privilege?

Carter may invoke the privilege against self-incrimination outside the presence of the jury to avoid testifying entirely, and the prosecution may not encourage the jury to make any inferences from the fact that Carter has chosen not to testify.

Carter may invoke his privilege against self-incrimination, but not to avoid testifying entirely. He must do so with reference to specific questions which might elicit incriminating evidence.

Carter waived the privilege against self-incrimination when he spoke with the police after the accident and he may not claim it to avoid testifying at trial.

Carter may invoke the privilege against self-incrimination only because he is a criminal defendant.