Case Study 8.2: Resources - Natural capital Name: Date: 06/2/2022 Ecosystem services Read the extract below, which is taken from Defra's An introductory guide to valuing ecosystem services. Ecosystem services provided by forestry Well-managed forests and woodlands deliver a range of social and environmental goods and services. Research for the Forestry Commission's report the social and environmental benefits of forests in Britain showed that these benefits include: providing opportunities for open access outdoor recreation Supporting and enhancing biodiversity contributing to the visual quality of the landscape carbon sequestration The report estimated the total value of annual benefits to people in Britain to be around 1 billion. This was based on both existing evidence and commissioned new surveys on public preferences for forestry The data below shows the contribution from these social and environmental benefits. Benelli Annual value / million recreation 393 biodiversity 386 landscape carbon sequestration total 1023 150 94 All of these benefits could be categorized as ecosystem services (ie the services that are provided in this case, by forestry and woodland in Britain). What is interesting is that increasingly attention is being drawn to other social and environmental benefits of forestry, such as improving air quality and regulating water supply and water quality. These can be described under the ecosystem services category of regulating services'. For example, under improving air quality, forests and woodlands clean the air as trees trap harmful dust particles and absorb gases such as sulfur dioxide (sic) and ozone. Scientific evidence has shown that this absorption by trees can be considerable The beneficial contribution of trees to improved air quality can be valued through the resulting improvements to human health. In addition, forests and woodlands can reduce soil erosion, stabilize tiverbanks, and reduce pollution in runoff. Fuller understanding, however, may be required before these benefits can be quantified or valued. Questions Case Study 8.2: Resources - Natural capital Name: Date: 06/2/2022 1 What is meant by the term 'ecosystem services'? 11 mark) 2 Outline the range of services provided by ecosystems. 15 marks 3 What is the estimated monetary value of ecosystem services provided by forests in Britain? [1 mark) In what ways do forests help reduce air pollution? [2 marks) 5 Outline the contribution of wetlands to flood control. [2 marks] Suggest a meaning for the term "non-use value [1 mark)